The tundish is designed to deliver liquid steel at a designed discharge rate without major fluctuations in flow. The rate of flow is primarily controlled by the depth of the melt, and further control of the discharge flow can be achieved by means of gate rods or sliding gates. The number of outlets in the tundish depends on the type of casting being made. The number of outlets, and in effect the number of molds to which the tundish delivers liquid steel, is typically 1 to 2 for a slab continuous casting machine, 2 to 6 for a bloom continuous casting machine, and 2 to 8 for a billet continuous casting machine.
The bottom of the tundish has one or more openings with slide gate(s) or gate rod(s) to control the flow of metal. These openings are used to feed liquid steel into the mold(s) of the continuous casting machine to prevent steel from splashing out and to provide a smoother flow into the molds. It is also worth noting that the rate of transfer of the liquid steel into the mold is kept constant by keeping the depth of the liquid steel in the tundish constant.
Tundishes are often divided into two parts. The first part is called the inlet section of the tundish, which usually has a tundish box into which the liquid steel is poured from the ladle. The second part is called the outlet section, from where the liquid steel enters the mold. The flow of tundish is directed downwards from the ladle and reaches a position in the bottom of the tundish that is protected by a wear-resistant impact pad. This position is usually as far as possible from the tundish nozzle to minimize the turbulence caused by the molten steel entering the tundish. In other places, the tundish is lined with a refractory lining.
The melting tundish is used in the steelmaking industry to transfer molten material from the melting ladle to the CCM mold.
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